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Avoiding Collisions - Rules of Sailing



Cheat Sheet



Avoiding Collisions When Two Sailing Vessels Are Approaching One Another

Terminology

Windward side:  the side opposite that on which the mainsail is carried

Leeward and Windward

  • A boat’s leeward side is the side that is or, when she is head to wind, was away from the wind.

  • However, when sailing by the lee or directly downwind, her leeward side is the side on which her mainsail lies. The other side is her windward side.

  • When two boats on the same tack overlap, the one on the leeward side of the other is the leeward boat. The other is the windward boat.



OPPOSITE TACKS / WIND ON DIFFERENT SIDES

When boats are on opposite tacks, a port-tack boat (wind on the port side) shall keep clear of a starboard-tack boat.



ON THE SAME TACK, OVERLAPPED / WIND ON SAME SIDE

When boats are on the same tack and overlapped, a windward boat shall keep clear of a leeward boat.


ON THE SAME TACK, NOT OVERLAPPED / WIND ON SAME SIDE

When boats are on the same tack and not overlapped, a boat clear astern shall keep clear of a boat clear ahead.



WHILE TACKING

After a boat passes head to wind, she shall keep clear of other boats until she is on a close-hauled course.


Overtaking

Any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.



Some Simplified Racing Rules

TOUCHING A MARK

If you touch a mark, you may continue to race only after getting out of the way of other boats and sailing a complete circle (a 360 o turn).


BOATS CONVERGING AT THE MARK (Adapted from Montreal Sailing)

An inside and overlapped boat (Green A) within three boat-lengths of the mark is the stand-on vessel. In general, any overlapped outside boat (Orange B) must keep clear and give room to any boat between them and the mark.


A boat coming into the mark on Port Tack (Orange D) must be able to complete its tack without obstructing the progress of an incoming Starboard Tack boat. If a Starboard Tack boat has to adjust course, you fouled them.


Image Credit: Adapated from Montreal Sailing



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